I. Primary
research papers
1.
Kawabe, Y., Morio, T., James, J.L., Prescott, A.R., Tanaka, Y.and Schaap,
P.(2009) Activated cAMP receptors turn encystation into sporulation.
Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci.USA, 106, 7089-7094.
2.
Ritchie, A.V., Van Es, S., Fouquet, C.and Schaap, P.(2008).From
drought sensing to developmental control: evolution of cyclic AMP
signaling in social amoebas Mol.Biol.Evol.25, 1-10.
3.
Alvarez-Curto, E., Saran, S., Meima, M., Zobel, J., Scott, C.,
and Schaap, P.(2007).cAMP production by adenylyl cyclase G induces
prespore differentiation in Dictyostelium slugs.Development
134, 959-966.
4.
Alvarez-Curto, E., Weening, K.E., and Schaap,
P.(2007).Pharmacological profiling of the Dictyostelium adenylate
cyclases ACA, ACB and ACG. Biochem.J.401, 309-316.
5.
Meima, M.E., Weening,
K.E., and Schaap, P.(2007).Vectors for expression of proteins with single
or combinatorial fluorescent protein and tandem affinity purification tags
in Dictyostelium.Protein Expr.Purif.53, 283-288.
6.
Schaap, P., Winckler, T., Nelson, M., Alvarez-Curto, E., Elgie,
B., Hagiwara, H., Cavender, J., Milano-Curto, A., Rozen, D.E., Dingermann,
T., et al.(2006).Molecular phylogeny and evolution of morphology in
the social amoebas. Science 314, 661-663.
7.
Alvarez-Curto,
E., Rozen, D.E., Ritchie, A.V., Fouquet, C., Baldauf, S.L.and Schaap,
P.(2005).Evolutionary origin of cAMP-based chemoattraction in the social
amoebae. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 102, 6385-6390.
8.
Saran, S.and Schaap, P.(2004).Adenylyl cyclase G is activated by
an intramolecular osmosensor. Mol.Biol.Cell 15, 1479-1486.
9.
Darley, C.P., Li, Y., Schaap, P.and McQueen-Mason, S.J.(2003).Expression
of a family of expansin-like proteins during the development of
Dictyostelium discoideum. FEBS Lett., 546,416-418.
10.
Muhia, D.K., Swales, C.A., Eckstein-Ludwig, U., Saran, S.,
Polley, S.D., Kelly, J.M.,
Schaap, P., Krishna, S.and Baker, D.A.(2003) Multiple splice variants
encode a novel adenylyl cyclase of possible plastid origin expressed in
the sexual stage of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. J.Biol.Chem.
278,
22014 - 22022.
11.
Araki, T., Tsujioka, M., Abe, T., Fukuzawa, M., Meima, M., Schaap,
P., Morio, T., Urushihara, H., Katoh, M., Maeda, M.,Tanaka, Y., Takeuchi,
I.and Williams.J.G.(2003).A STAT regulated, stress-induced signalling
pathway in Dictyostelium. J.Cell Sci.116, 2907-2915.
12. Meima M.E., Weening
K.E.and Schaap, P.(2003).A novel cAMP-stimulated cAMP phosphodiesterase in
Dictyostelium discoideum. J.Biol.Chem. 278, 14356-14362.
13. Weening, K.E.,
Verkerke-Van Wijk, I., Thompson, C.R., Kessin, R.H., Podgorski, G.and
Schaap, P. (2003). Contrasting activities of the aggregative and late PdsA
promoters in Dictyostelium development. Dev.Biol. 255, 373-382.
14.
Meima, M.E., Biondi,
R.M.and Schaap, P.(2002) Identification of a novel type of cGMP
phosphodiesterase that is defective in the chemotactic stmF
mutants. Mol.Biol.Cell.13, 3870-3877.
15.
Segovia, M.,
Francisco J., Gordillo, L., Schaap, P.and Figueroa, F.L.(2001) Light
regulation of cyclic AMP levels in the red macroalga Porphyra
leucosticta.J.Photochem.Photobiol. 64, 69-74.
16. Roelofs, J., Meima,
M., Schaap, P., and Van Haastert, P.J.(2001).The Dictyostelium
homologue of mammalian soluble adenylyl cyclase encodes a guanylyl cyclase,
EMBO J.20, 4341-4348.
17. Verkerke-van Wijk,
I., Fukuzawa, M., Devreotes, P.N., and Schaap, P.(2001).Adenylyl cyclase A
expression is tip-specific in Dictyostelium slugs and directs StatA
nuclear translocation and CudA gene expression, Dev.Biol. 234, 151-60.
18.
Carucci, D.J., Witney, A.A., Warhurst, D.C., Muhia, D.K., Schaap,
P., Meima, M., Li, J.-L., Taylor, M.C., Kelly, J.M., Baker, D.A.(2000)
Guanylyl cyclase activity associated with putative bifunctional integral
membrane proteins in Plasmodium falciparum. J.Biol.Chem.275,
22147-22156.
19.
Taylor, M.C., Muhia, D., Baker, D.A., Mondragon, A., Schaap,
P.and Kelly, J.M.(1999).Trypanosoma cruzi adenylyl cyclase is
encoded by a complex multigene family. Mol.Biochem.Parasitol.104, 205-217.
20.
Meima, M.E.and Schaap, P.(1999).Fingerprinting of adenylyl
cyclase activities during Dictyostelium development indicates a
dominant role for adenylyl cyclase B in terminal
differentiation. Dev.Biol. 212, 182-190.
21.
Mohanti, S., Jermyn, K.A., Early, A., Kawata, T., Aubry, L.,
Ceccarelli, A., Schaap, P., Williams, J.G., Firtel, R.A. (1999).Evidence
that the Dictyostelium Dd-STATa protein is a repressor that
regulates commitment to stalk cell differentiation and is also required
for efficient chemotaxis. Development 126, 3391-3405.
22.
Virdy, K.J., Sands, T.W., Kopko, S.H., Van Es, S.,
Meima, M.E., Schaap, P.and
Cotter, D.A.(1999).High cAMP in spores of Dictyostelium discoideum:
Association with spore dormancy and inhibition of germination. Microbiology
145, 1883-1890.
23.
Kim, H.-J., Chang, W-T., Meima, M., Gross, J.D.and Schaap,
P.(1998).A novel adenylyl cyclase activity detected in rapidly developing
mutants of Dictyostelium. J.Biol.Chem.273, 30859-30862.
24.
Jin,T., Soede, R.D.M., Liu, J., Kimmel, A.R., Devreotes, P.N.and
Schaap, P.(1998).Temperature-sensitive Gß mutants discriminate between
G-protein dependent and G-protein independent gene regulation and
signaling mediated by serpentine receptors. EMBO J.17, 5076-5984.
25. Verkerke- Van Wijk,
I., Kim, J-Y., Brandt, R., Devreotes, P.N.and Schaap, P.(1998).Functional
promiscuity of gene regulation by the Dictyostelium cAMP receptors
cAR1, cAR2 and cAR3. Mol.Cell.Biol.18, 5744-5749.
26. Verkerke-Van Wijk,
I., Brandt, R., Bosman, L.and Schaap, P.(1998).Two distinct signaling
pathways mediate DIF induction of prestalk gene expression in
Dictyostelium. Exp.Cell Res.245, 179-185.
27. Kim, J.Y., Soede, R.,
Schaap, P., Valkema, R., Borleis, A., Van Haastert, P.J.M., Devreotes,
P.N.and Hereld, D.(1997).Phosphorylation of chemoattractant receptors is
not essential for chemotaxis or termination of G-protein-mediated
responses. J.Biol.Chem. 272, 27313-27318.
28. Van Es, S., Kooistra,
R.A.and Schaap, P.(1997).Two ras genes in Dictyostelium minutum
show high sequence homology but different developmental regulation from
Dictyostelium discoideum rasD and rasG genes. Gene 187,
93-97.
29.
Schaap, P., Nebl, T and Fisher, P.R.(1996) A slow sustained
increase in cytosolic Ca2+ levels mediates stalk gene induction
by differentiation inducing factor in Dictyostelium. EMBO J.15,
5177-5183.
30.
Van Es, S., Virdy, K.J., Pitt, G.S., Meima, M., Sands, T.W.,
Devreotes, P.N., Cotter, D.A.and Schaap, P. (1996). Adenylyl cyclase G, an
osmosensor controling germination of Dictyostelium spores. J.Biol.Chem.271,
23623-23625.
31.
Soede, R.D.M., Hopper, N.A., Williams, J.G.and Schaap,
P.(1996).Extracellular cAMP depletion triggers stalk gene expression in
Dictyostelium; disparities in dose dependency and developmental timing
indicate that prespore induction and stalk repression by cAMP are mediated
by separate signaling pathways. Dev.Biol.177, 152-159.
32.
Schaap, P., Tang, Y.and Othmer, H.G.(1996) A model for pattern
formation in Dictyostelium discoideum. Differentiation 60, 1-16.
33.
Schaap, P., Brandt, R.and Van Es, S.(1995).Regulation of
Dictyostelium adenylyl cyclases by morphogen-induced modulation of
cytosolic pH or Ca2+ levels. Dev.Biol.168, 179-188.
34. Schulkes, C.,
Verkerke-van Wijk, W.and Schaap, P.(1995).Transformation with vectors
harboring the NEOR selection marker induces
germination-specific adenylylcyclase activity in Dictyostelium
cells. Exp.Cell Res. 220, 505-508.
35.
Schulkes, C.and Schaap, P.(1995).cAMP-dependent protein kinase
activity is essential for preaggregative gene expression in
Dictyostelium. FEBS Lett. 368, 381-384.
36.
Pitt, G.S., Brandt, R., Lin, K.C., Devreotes, P.N.and Schaap,
P.(1994) Extracellular cAMP is sufficient to restore developmental gene
expression and morphogenesis in Dictyostelium cells lacking the
aggregation adenylyl cyclase (ACA). Genes & Development 7, 2172-2180.
37. Van Es,
S, Nieuwenhuizen B.W., Lenouvel, F., Van Deursum, E.M.and Schaap,
P.(1994).Universal signals control slime mold stalk
formation.
Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 91, 8219-8223.
38.
Soede, R.D.M, Insall, R.H.Devreotes, P.N.and Schaap,
P.(1994).Extracellular cAMP can restore development in Dictyostelium
cells lacking one, but not two subtypes of early cAMP receptors (cARs). Development
120, 1997-2002.
39.
Insall, R.H., Soede.R.D.M., Schaap, P.and Devreotes,
P.N.(1994).Two cAMP receptors activate common signaling pathways in
Dictyostelium. Mol.Biol.Cell 5, 703-711.
40.
Van Es, S., Hodgkinson, S., Schaap, P.and Kay,
R.R.(1994).Metabolic pathways for differentiation inducing factor-1 and
their regulation are conserved between closely related Dictyostelium
species, but not between distant members of the family. Differentiation,
58, 95-100.
41.
Schaap, P., Van Ments-Cohen, M., Soede, R.D.M., Brandt, R.,
Firtel, R.A., Dostmann, W., Genieser, H.-G., Jastorff, B.and Van Haastert,
P.J.M.(1993) Cell-permeable non-hydrolysable cAMP derivatives as tools for
analysis of signaling pathways controlling gene regulation in
Dictyostelium. J.Biol.Chem. 268, 6323-6331.
42. Peters, D.J.M.,
Snaar-Jagalska, B.E.,Van Haastert, P.J.M.and Schaap, P.(1992).Lithium, an
inhibitor of cAMP-induced inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate accumulation in
Dictyostelium discoideum, inhibits activation of G proteins, reduces
activation of adenylyl cyclase, but potentiates activation of guanylyl
cyclase by cAMP. Eur.J.Biochem. 209, 299-304.
43.
Van Haastert, P.J.M., Wang, M., Bominaar, A.A., Devreotes,
P.N.and Schaap, P.(1992) cAMP-induced desensization of surface cAMP
receptors in Dictyostelium: Different second messengers mediate
receptor phosphorylation, loss of ligand binding, degradation of receptor
and reduction of receptor mRNA levels. Mol.Biol.Cell. 3, 603-612.
44. Van Ments-Cohen, M.,
Genieser, H-G., Jastorff, B., Van Haastert, P.J.M.and Schaap,
P.(1991).Kinetics and nucleotide specificity of a surface cAMP binding
site, which is not down-regulated by cAMP. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 82, 9-14.
45.
Peters, D.J.M., Bominaar, A.A., Snaar-Jagalska, B.E., Brandt, R.,
Van Haastert, P.J.M., Ceccarelli, A., Williams, J.G.and Schaap, P.(1991)
Selective induction of gene expression and second messenger accumulation
in Dictyostelium discoideum by the partial chemotactic antagonist
8-p-chlorophenylthio-cAMP. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci. USA. 88, 9219-9223.
46.
Bominaar, A.A., Kesbeke, F., Snaar-Jagalska, B.E., Peters, D.J.M.,
Schaap, P.and Van Haastert, P.J.M.(1991) Aberrant chemotaxis and
differentiation in Dictyostelium mutant fgdC with a
defective regulation of receptor stimulated phosphoinositidase C. J.Cell
Sci. 100, 825-831.
47.
Wang, M., Roelfsema, J.H., Williams, J.G.and Schaap,
P.(1990).Cytoplasmic acidification facilitates but does not mediate
DIF-induced prestalk gene expression in Dictyostelium discoideum. Dev.Biol.140,
182-188.
48.
Wang, M.and Schaap, P.(1989).Ammonia depletion and DIF trigger
stalk cell differentiation in intact Dictyostelium discoideum
slugs. Development 105, 569-574.
49.
Van Lookeren Campagne, M.M., Aerts, R.J., Spek, W., Firtel,
R.A.and Schaap, P.(1989).Cyclic-AMP-induced elevation of intracellular pH
precedes, but does not mediate, the induction of prespore differentiation
in Dictyostelium discoideum. Development 105, 401-406.
50. Peters, D.J.M., Van
Lookeren Campagne, M.M., Van Haastert, P.J.M., Spek, W.and Schaap,
P.(1989).Lithium ions induce prestalk-associated gene expression and
inhibit prespore gene expression in Dictyostelium discoideum. J.Cell
Sci. 93, 205-210.
51.
Wang, M., Aerts, R.J., Spek, W.and Schaap, P.(1988).Cell cycle
phase in Dictyostelium discoideum is correlated with the expression
of cyclic AMP production, detection, and degradation. Dev.Biol. 125,
410-416.
52. Spek, W., Van Drunen,
K., Van Eijk, R.and Schaap, P.(1988).Opposite effects of adenosine on two
types of cAMP-induced gene expression in Dictyostelium indicate the
involvement of at least two different intracellular pathways for the
transduction of cAMP signals. FEBS Lett. 228, 231-234.
53. Wang, M., Van Driel,
R.and Schaap, P.(1988).Cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase induces
dedifferentiation of prespore cells in Dictyostelium discoideum
slugs: evidence that cyclic AMP is the morphogenetic signal for prespore
differentiation. Development 103, 611-618.
54.
Van Lookeren Campagne, M.M., Wang, M., Spek, W., Peters, D.and
Schaap, P.(1988).Lithium respecifies cyclic-AMP induced cell-type specific
gene expression in Dictyostelium. Dev.Gen. 9, 589-596.
55. Wang, M., Van
Haastert, P.J.M., Devreotes, P.N.and Schaap, P.(1988).Localization of
chemoattractant receptors on Dictyostelium discoideum cells during
aggregation and down-regulation. Dev.Biol.128, 72-77.
56. Schaap, P., Van
Lookeren Campagne, M.M., Van Driel, R., Spek, W., Van Haastert, P.J.M.and
Pinas, J.(1986).Postaggregative differentiation induction by cyclic AMP in
Dictyostelium: Intracellular transduction pathway and requirement
for additional stimuli. Dev.Biol.118, 52-63.
57. Wang, M., Van
Haastert, P.J.M.and Schaap, P.(1986).Multiple effects of
differentiation-inducing factor on prespore differentiation and cyclic-AMP
signal transduction in Dictyostelium. Differentiation 33, 24-28.
58. Kesbeke, F., Van
Haastert, P.J.M.and Schaap, P.(1986).Cyclic AMP relay and cyclic
AMP-induced cyclic GMP accumulation during development of Dictyostelium
discoideum. FEMS Microbiol.Lett. 34, 85-89.
59. Van Lookeren Campagne,
M.M., Schaap, P.and Van Haastert, P.J.M.(1986).Specificity of adenosine
inhibition of cAMP-induced responses in Dictyostelium resembles
that of the P site of higher organisms. Dev.Biol.117, 245-251.
60.
Schaap, P.and Wang, M.(1986).Interactions between adenosine and
oscillatory cAMP signaling regulate size and pattern in Dictyostelium.
Cell 45, 137.
61.
Schaap, P.(1985).cAMP relay during early culmination of
Dictyostelium minutum. Differentiation 28, 205-208.
62. Schaap, P.and Van
Driel, R.(1985).Induction of post-aggregative differentiation in
Dictyostelium discoideum by cAMP.Evidence for involvement of the cell
surface cAMP receptor. Exp.Cell Res.159, 388-398.
63.
Schaap, P., Pinas, J.E.and Wang, M.(1985).Patterns of cell
differentiation in several cellular slime mold species. Dev.Biol. 111,
51-61.
64.
Schaap, P.and Wang, M.(1985).cAMP induces a transient elevation
of cGMP levels during early culmination of Dictyostelium minutum.
Cell
Differ.16, 29-33.
65.
Wang, M.and Schaap, P.(1985).Correlations between tip dominance,
prestalk/prespore pattern, and cAMP-relay efficiency in slugs of
Dictyostelium discoideum. Differentiation 30, 7-14.
66.
Schaap, P., Konijn, T.M.and Van Haastert, P.J.M.(1984).cAMP
pulses coordinate morphogenetic movement during fruiting body formation of
Dictyostelium minutum. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 81, 2122-2126.
67.
Schaap, P.and Spek, W.(1984).Cyclic-AMP binding to the cell
surface during development of Dictyostelium discoideum. Differentiation
27, 83-87.
68.
Schaap, P.and Wang, M.(1984).The possible involvement of
oscillatory cAMP signaling in multicellular morphogenesis of the cellular
slime molds. Dev.Biol.105, 470-478.
69. Schaap, P., Van der
Molen, L.and Konijn, T.M.(1983).The organisation of fruiting body
formation in Dictyostelium minutum. Cell Differ.12, 287-297.
70.
Schaap, P.(1983).Quantitative analysis of the spatial
distribution of ultrastructural differentiation markers during development
of Dictyostelium discoideum. Wilhelm Roux's Arch.Dev.Biol.192,
86-94.
71. Schaap, P., Van der
Molen, L.and Konijn T.M.(1982).Early recognition of prespore
differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum and its significance
for models on pattern formation. Differentiation 22, 1-5.
72. Schaap, P., Van der
Molen, L.and Konijn, T.M.(1981).Development of the simple cellular slime
mold Dictyostelium minutum. Dev.Biol. 85, 171-179.
73. Schaap, P., Van der
Molen, L.and Konijn, T.M.(1981).The vacuolar apparatus of the simple
cellular slime mold Dictyostelium minutum. Biol.Cell 41, 133-142.
74. Schaap, P.and Van der
Molen, L.(1980).Membrane modulations during development of
Dictyostelium minutum. Electron Microscopy 2, 42-43.
75.
Braggaar-Schaap, P.(1979).A sensitive method for assaying
acetylcholine synthesis in human and frog skeletal muscle. J.Neurochem.
33,
389-392.
II.Invited reviews and book chapters
76.
Kawabe, Y., Alvarez-Curto, E., Ritchie, A.V.and Schaap,
P.(2009).The evolution of morphogenetic signalling in social amoebae.In:
Evolutionary Biology: Concept, Modeling, and Application,
Ed.P.Pontarotti.Springer Verlag, Heidelberg.Pp 91-107.
77.
Scott, C and Schaap, P.(2009).Dictyostelium.In:
Encyclopedia of Microbiology, Ed.M.Schaechter. Elsevier,
Oxford.pp.606-616.
78.
Schaap, P.(2007).The evolution of size and pattern in the social
amoebas. BioEssays 29, 635-644.
79.
Schaap, P.(2006).The Dictyostelium genome - blueprint for
a multicellular protist.In: Genome evolution in eukaryotic
microbes.Eds.L.A.Katz and D.Bhattacharya,
Oxford University
Press, pp.214-226.
80.
Schaap, P.(2005) Guanylyl cyclases across the tree of
life.Frontiers in Bioscience 10, 1495-1498.
81.
Schaap, P.(2004).Non-metazoan class III nucleotidyl cyclases:
Novel forms and functions. IUBMB Life 56, 527-528.
82.
Nebl, T., Kotsifas, M., Schaap, P.and Fisher, P.R.(2002).Multiple
signaling pathways connect chemoattractant receptors and calcium channels
in Dictyostelium. J.Muscle Res.Cell Mot. 23, 853-865.
83.
Saran, S.,
Meima, M.E.,
Alvarez-Curto, E., Weening, K.E., Rozen.D.E.and Schaap, P.(2002).cAMP
signaling in Dictyostelium.Complexity of cAMP synthesis,
degradation and detection. J.Muscle Res.Cell Mot. 23, 793-802.
84.
Schaap, P.(2002) Survival by cAMP in social amoebae: an
intersection between eukaryotic and prokaryotic signaling
systems. Microbiology Today, 29, 136-138.
85.
Alvarez-Curto, E., Meima, M.E.and Schaap, P.(2001) Expression and
role of adenylyl cyclases during late development in Dictyostelium
discoideum. Int.J.Dev.Biol. 45, S147-S148.
86.
Meima, M.E.and Schaap, P.(1999).Dictyostelium development:socializing through cAMP.
Seminars Cell Dev.Biol. 10, 567-576.
87.
Schaap, P.and Williams, J.G.(1999).Cell communication in
Dictyostelium.In: Development, Genetics, Epigenetics and Environmental
regulation.(V.E.A.Russo, D.J.Cove, L.G.Edgar, R.Jaenisch, F.Salamini,
eds.) Springer-Verlag, Berlin.pp.83-97.
88. Othmer, H.G.and
Schaap, P.(1998).Oscillatory cAMP signaling in the development of
Dictyostelium discoideum. Comments in Theoretical Biology 5, 175-282.
89.
Verkerke-Van Wijk, I.and Schaap, P.(1997).cAMP, a signal for
survival.In: Dictyostelium - A Model System for Cell and Developmental
Biology.Y.Maeda, K.Inouye and I.Takeuchi, editors.Universal Academy Press
Inc.Tokyo,
pp.145-162.
90.
Reymond, C.D., Schaap, P., Veron, M.and Williams, J.G. (1995).Dual
role of cAMP during Dictyostelium development. Experientia 51,
1166-1174.
91.
Schaap, P.and Wang M.(1993).Four signals to shape a slime mold.In:
Experimental and Theoretical advances in Biological Pattern
Formation.eds.H.G.Othmer, P.K.Maini and J.D.Murray.NATO ASI series, Plenum
Press, New York.pp 301-318.
92.
Soede, R.D.M., Peters, D.J.M., Jastorff, B., Van Haastert,
P.J.M.and Schaap, P.(1993) A pharmacological approach to identify hormone
signaling pathways controlling gene regulation in Dictyostelium.In:
New developments in lipid-protein interactions and receptor
function.eds.Wirtz, K.W.A.and Gustafsen, J.A.NATO ASI series.
93.
Schaap, P., Peters, D.J.M., Haribabu, B and Dottin, R.P.(1993)
Gene regulation by hormone-like signals in Dictyostelium.in: Signal
Transduction: prokaryotic and simple eukaryotic systems. eds.J.Kurjan and
B.L.Taylor. Academic Press,
San Diego, pp 353-376.
94.
Schaap, P.(1991).Intercellular interactions during
Dictyostelium development. In Microbial cell-cell
interactions. ed.M.Dworkin. American Society for Microbiology, Washington.pp
147-178.
95.
Peters, D.J.M., Cammans, M., Smit, S., Spek, W., Van Lookeren
Campagne, M.M.and Schaap, P.(1991).Control of cAMP-induced gene expression
by divergent signal transduction pathways. Dev.Gen.12, 25-34.
96.
Schaap, P.(1986).Regulation of size and pattern in the cellular
slime molds. Differentiation 33, 1-16.
97. Polak, R.L., Molenaar, P.C.and Braggaar-Schaap,
P.(1977).Regulation of acetylcholine synthesis in rat brain.In:
Cholinergic Mechanisms and Psychopharmacology
(Jenden D.J., ed.) Pp.511-524.Plenum
Press, New York.
